In this study, we employed hts on yam to determine whether any undiscovered viruses were present that would. Effect of the acetylation process on native starches of. Virus infections are important constraint to its production. The genus contains about 600 species with more than 10 species cultivated for food and for pharmaceutical purposes coursey, 1976. Free amino acids steadily declined after 24 h following wounding. First report of cucumber mosaic virus in yams dioscorea spp. The increased demandfor yams in west africa has been met. Yam is the common name for some plant species in the genus dioscorea family dioscoreaceae that form edible tubers. Yam spp aspergillus niger a flavus rhizopus stolonifer sclerotium rolfsii fusarium oxysporum rhizoctina sp dioscorea rotundata 15 5 5 3 2 2 d. In these countries, yam is an important staple food providing a valuable source of carbohydrates, proteins and minerals for over 380 million people from. The growth response of explants on ms medium was varied depending on the plant species and the concentration of bap. Yam traditional pacific island crops research guides at. Peltate yam dioscorea zingiberensis the rhizomes of several species of the genus dioscorea family dioscoreaceae, known as yam, are a food staple for the populations of asia, africa, and tropical america. To date, several viruses of different genera have been reported to infect yam dioscorea spp.
It is named by the monk charles plumier after the ancient greek physician and botanist dioscorides. The findings indicated that more than 100 cultivars. Yam traditional pacific island crops research guides. Dioscorea villosa supplement health benefits, dosage. Of the 600 species of the genus dioscorea, the most important edible species. Dna was extracted from a bulk of two plants per accession using a modified cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide ctab method. Genetic diver fao plant production and protection paper 126. Seal 1 1 natural resources institute, university of greenwich, central avenue. Progress in research and development on yams dioscorea spp. Jan 14, 2020 one such example is yam dioscorea spp.
Nutritional and antinutritional evaluation of wild yam dioscorea sp. Flavonoids 12 antioxidant and skin disease dioscorea belophylla prain voigt ex haines. Dioscorea sansibarensis pax section macroura, zanzibar yam. Regarding the intraspecific diversity of yam in ethiopia, at least 4 nonsynonymous landraces have been reported by previous works 1215, tsegaye b, bizuayehu t, wendawek a. Effect of 24epibrassinolide on growth of in vitro shoot. Farmers were asked to free list generic names to all kinds of yams they knew at and above species level. Plants free fulltext genomewide association analysis. One of such species is the dioscorea species, in which we studied to assess the. However, the crop has not shown progressive productivity gain over decades due to various production constraints. Four wild yam species, which are eaten after primary treatment by nepali aborigines, were analyzed for bitter and toxic principles. Dried powder of the yam tuber dioscorea spp has been used in traditional folk medicine as a nutritional fortification. Impact of osmotic dehydration on the encapsulated apices. Chemical constituents dioscorea rhizomes contain 75% of starch.
Tuber development, storage and germination in yams dioscorea spp. Detection of potyvirus using rtpcr and acpelisa of. Such tubers should be large, true to type, and free of insect dam. This is an historical document made available through the national agricultural library digital collections. Three yams and one cocoyam variety samples planted in april, 2012 were taken after harvest in full physiological maturity in december, 2012 from ututu, abia state, nigeria, and. Dioscorea is a genus of over 600 species of flowering plants in the family dioscoreaceae, native throughout the tropical and warm temperate regions of the world. India is a harbor of biodiversity in general and phytodiversity in particular.
Among the food yam species, water yam dioscorea alata l. Comparative analysis of diosgenin in dioscorea species and. It is a pharmaceutically important compound because of its anticancerous, antidiabetic, anticoagulant, antithrombosis, antiinflammatory, antiviral, antiageing and other properties. Antiinflammatory and carbonic anhydrase restoring actions of. Improved propagation methods to raise the productivity of yam. The use of infected vegetative propagules and uncontrolled introductions of infected germplasm promotes the spread of viruses in yamgrowing areas, causing significant. A study on seven different varieties of yams dioscorea spp. Containing high levels of thiamine, niacin, vitamins a and c, carbohydrates, and starch and rich in calcium, iron, phosphorus, and b vitamins, yams provide beneficial nutrients. Plants free fulltext molecular characterization of a. Pdf the use of selected plant tissues carrot daucus. Effect of curing treatments on seven key farmers yams. There are over 600 varieties of yams and 95 percent of these crops are grown in africa. Review of empirical and emerging breeding methods and tools.
Free fulltext pdf articles from hundreds of disciplines, all in one place evolution and phylogenetic diversity of yam species dioscorea spp. A plant cell suspension culture is a sterile closed system normally initiated by aseptically placing friable callus fragments into a suitable sterile liquid medium dixon and paiva, 1995. The root contains indigenous plant phytosterol estrogens such as diosgenin, which espouse therapeutic effects on female hormonal regulation and alleviate the symptoms of menopause, as well as induce antiproliferative proapoptotic effects in a diverse range of tumor cells. Goeldi, 1892 and rotylenchulus reniformis, lindford and oliveira, 1940. Antinutritional substances like total free phenolics, tannins, hydrogen cyanide, total oxalate, amylase and trypsin inhibitor activities were quantified. Plants free fulltext molecular characterization of a new. The objective of the present work was to analyze the physicochemical characters of six yam species in order to verify variations in chemical composition within the species inter and intraspecies germplasm. Evolution and phylogenetic diversity of yam species. Jan 06, 2021 abstract diosgenin is a plantderived secondary metabolite mainly present in the members of the plant family dioscoreaceae.
The 1980 list was based upon the work of the regional committee in southeast asia and its descriptor numbers are given in parentheses beside the present descriptors for. The forests of odisha form a major part of the eastern ghats. Olutosin samuel ilesanmi department of chemical sciences, achievers university, owo, ondo state, nigeria. Introduction yam belongs to the genus dioscorea dioscoreaceae. This handbook covers botany, varieties, various aspects of cultivation, pests and diseases, and harvest and postharvest information for dioscorea esculenta. Storage rot of some yams dioscorea spp in keffi and.
The cell suspension culture was established by yeh et al. Its ethnopharmacological potential and from the greater himalayas to the plain of ganga. However, these wild tubers are unpalatable, taste bitter, produce inflammation and show occasional toxicity. The highest number of scorable bands 17 was generated by. Effect of culture medium and culture duration on shoot length mm of five yam accessions. Up to 95% of the worlds yams are produced in west africa fao, 2009. As sexual reproduction is rare in cultivated yams, the appearance or the creation of new varieties more adapted to new needs, environmental changes and modifications of cultural practices, is very limited. Dioscorea wallichii purdue university famine foods. Improved propagation methods to raise the productivity of. Molecular evidence for a new potyvirus species in yam. Results of virus detection tests and cleaning of yam accessions, and availability of virus free accessions at cirad. Sapogenin 15 be a novel strategy for the development of potential antineoplastic reduce inflammation dioscorea spp. Implication for conservation and agricultural practices pdf. Nutritional and antinutritional evaluation of wild yam dioscorea spp.
Plastid phylogenetics of oceania yams dioscorea spp. The relatively reduced complexity of data analysis, ease of operation and higher repro. The results showed that using both rtpcr and acpelisa, all species tested were free from virus. We hypothesized that driedyam powder would prevent du through improvement of antiinflammatory actions and carbonic anhydrase ca activity. Relative efficiency of positive selection and tissue culture. Morphological and molecular characterization of pratylenchus. Progress in research and development on yams dioscorea. Potato vine is often found in urban lots and flood plain forests, but the most vigorous growth occurs within forest canopy gaps. Dioscorea bulbifera is an aggressive weed in florida.
Dioscoreaceae reveals natural interspecific hybridization of the greater yam d. The 1980 list was based upon the work of the regional committee in southeast asia and its descriptor numbers are given in parentheses beside the present descriptors for crossreferencing purposes. They are nonedible, due to their very bitter taste. Tuber development, storage and germination in yams dioscorea. Application of silicon sources in yam dioscorea spp. The dioscorea genus yaman appraisal of nutritional and. In vitro storage and safe international exchange of yam dioscorea. Yam is a crop with economic and social significance for the brazilian northeastern region.
Ethnopharmacological potential and medicinal uses of miracle. Ethnopharmacological potential and medicinal uses of. Antioxidative and hypolipidemic effects of diosgenin, a. Antiinflammatory and carbonic anhydrase restoring actions. The influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation on. Linnaeus, 1753 for in vitro nematode propagation meloidogyne spp.
Download free pdf the use of selected plant tissues carrot daucus carota, linnaeus, 1753, pineapple anana comosus, merill, 1917 and yam dioscorea spp. Biotechnological strategies for the sustainable production. In many of these areas yams are also culturally important. Diseases accumulate over generations of the use of unhealthy seed tubers with threat of the extinction of valuable germplasm. The genetic diversity and relationships of 70 accessions of yam belonging to dioscorea cayenensis dioscorea rotundata complex 55, dioscorea bulbifera and dioscorea alata 2, as a reference were assessed using six inter simple sequence repeat issr primers. The plant diversity is distributed from the western ghats to eastern ghats, along with the northeastern region and from the greater himalayas to the plain of ganga. It is cultivated to a greater extent to combat the food security threats of the increasing population in the world 3. The tubers themselves, also called yams, come in a variety of forms. Bitter components were identified as furanoid norditerpenes diosbulbins a.
Physicochemical properties of free and immobilized tyrosinase from different species of yam dioscorea spp. Proximate composition and carotenoid profile of yams. Physicochemical properties of free and immobilized tyrosinase. An herbal remedy derived from the dried root of dioscorea villosa, a perennial vine native to north america, mexico and asia. Many fewer fungi were isolated from the surface of tubers treated. Yams are perennial herbaceous vines cultivated for the consumption of their starchy tubers in many temperate and tropical regions, especially in africa, south america and the caribbean, asia, and oceania. Biotechnology provides an opportunity to genetically manipulate cells, tissues. A number of wild crops remain unexplored in this world and among them some have excellent medicinal and nutritional properties. It is native to african and asia with tubers that vary in size ranging from the size of a potato to over a meter in length and several kilograms in weight.
Harnessing modern biotechnology for tropical tuber crop. Virus eradication techniques the use of in vitro techniques allows to, be free from fungus, bacteria, and. Mar 19, 2008 molecular evidence for a new potyvirus species in yam dioscorea spp. Dioscorea species are widely used plants not only in eastern traditional medicine but also in modern western medicine. Indexing and elimination of viruses infecting yams dioscorea spp. Identification and phenetic analysis of dioscorea spp. Survey of the incidence and distribution of two viruses. The influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation. Yams dioscorea spp are a staple tuber crop for many of the poorest in west africa, south east asia, the caribbean andoceania. A study on its ethnopharmacological potential and traditional use by the local people of similipal biosphere reserve, india.
Biological control of postharvest fungal rot of yam dioscorea spp. Review of empirical and emerging breeding methods and. It is highly linked with the human existence, endurance, and the socio economic history 2. Genetic diversity assessment of yams dioscorea spp. The distribution and diversity of rln species associated with yam was investigated through a soil and tuber survey of the main producing areas in nigeria and ghana. Yams dioscoreae sp are important food commodities in tropical and subtropical areas of africa, the caribbean, south america and the pacific where they play a key role in food security. Presprouting in a medium free of pest and disease can help minisett survival, but it is.
Biotechnological strategies for the sustainable production of. Diversity, distribution and farmers management of yams dioscorea spp. It is cultivated to a greater extent to combat the food security threats of. The full production potentials of yams have not been exploited, leaving cameroon with an annual production of 648,407 metric tons mt at the sixth position, among the six. Apart from the traditional importance as starchy staple food such as d. Dioscorea spp, cameroon yam is an important income generating food crop to millions of people around the world, particularly subsaharan africa. Of the 600 species of the genus dioscorea, the most important edible species are d. Biochemical aspects of wound healing in yams dioscorea spp. This paper aims to characterize the planttoplant variability in yield and to identify its underlying causes for the two major yam species dioscorea alata and dioscorea rotundata. Highthroughput sequencing hts methods are increasingly being used in the discovery of new plant viral genomes.
Effect of 24epibrassinolide on growth of in vitro shoot tips. Anatomical slides of leaves and tuber were prepared using free hand section methods semipermanent, and stems and leaves anatomical slides were prepared. Dioscorea yam is a genus of over 600 species of flowering plants in the family dioscoreaceae, native throughout the tropical and warm temperate regions of the world. Tuber development, storage and germination in yams. Indexing and elimination of viruses infecting yams. Physicochemical properties of free and immobilized. Three yam species constitute the staple food for more than 60 million people in. Therefore, there is scarcity of virus free seed yam. In vitro storage and safe international exchange of yam dioscorea spp. Wild yams make a significant contribution to diets of tribal people in nepal. A survey was carried out in may and june 2009 to improve on yam production and safe germplasm movement, by determining the incidence and. The vast majority of the species are tropical, with only a few species extending into temperate climates. Potato vine is often found in urban lots and flood plain forests, but the most.
Because yam tubers are edible, medicinal, and used as health foods, they have received considerable attention among the medicinal plants olubobokunetal. Effect of the acetylation process on native starches of yam. Dioscorea bulbifera prefers growing in hardwood forests 1 and invades thickets, disturbed areas, fence rows, and tropical hammocks. The full diversity of viruses infecting yam, however, remains to be explored. West africa accounts for over 93% of the total production of this tuber with nigeria and ghana being the main cultivating yam countries. The common name for the genus, yams, will be used when discussing information applicable to 2 or more of the above species. There are six species that are important staples and these are white yam d. Tuber dry matter content dmc and oxidative browning oxb are important quality attributes that determine cultivar acceptability in water yam. Physicochemical characterization of six yam dioscorea spp. Agriculture, ibadan, nigeriainternational plant genetic resources.
685 262 1135 426 1406 792 1168 800 46 947 1282 53 628 867 1333 216 1115 590 876 1745 1754 317 1281 1306 1688 1780 873 128 657 1504