Maize chlorotic mottle virus in hawaiiangrown maize. The viral genome has four long open reading frames orfs which could encode polypeptides of 31. The virus can be consistently detected in infected plant tissues diluted at 1. We determined that clnd observed in china was caused by coinfection of mcmv and sugarcane mosaic virus scmv. The complete genome of a maize chlorotic mottle virus isolate from nebraska mcmvne was cloned and sequenced. The rna of maize chlorotic mottle virus, an obligatory. Maize lethal necrosis is one of the most devastating diseases of maize causing yield losses reaching up to 90% in subsaharan africa. Additionally, i am studying the mechanism these and related viruses use to translate their mrnas in a capindependent manner. Maize chlorotic mottle virus mcmv was first reported in maize in china in 2009. Rapid and sensitive detection of maize chlorotic mottle. Metagenomic analysis of viruses associated with maize.
Symptoms are fine chlorotic yellow streaks developing in the youngest leaves about 10 days after inoculation. Expression and self assembly of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus capsid proteins in pichia pastoris and encapsulation of fluorescent myoglobin volume 17. However, in the last 5 years mcmv has been severely affecting seed corn nurseries in hawaii. The complete nucleotide sequence of the maize chlorotic mottle virus mcmv genome has been determined to be 4437 nucleotides.
Typical maize lethal necrosis symptoms include severe yellowing and leaf drying from the edges. Pdf maize lethal necrosis disease mlnd develops from synergistic coinfection by sugarcane mosaic virus and maize chlorotic mottle. Yield loss of up to 100% can be experienced under severe infections. Kay scheets publications oklahoma state university.
Jan 19, 2018 maize chlorotic mottle virus mcmv is a positivesense singlestranded rna virus, and the sole member of the machlomovirus genus in the tombusviridae family. By introducing mutations into an infectious cdna clones of maize chlorotic mottle virus mcmvand maize necrotic streak virus mnesv, my laboratory studies the effects of these mutations on the virus life cycle. Deciphering the translation mechanism of maize chlorotic mottle virus mcmv characterizing the 3 capindependent translation element of mcmv mte rnaprotein binding assays to determine translation factors binding to mte chemical probing of secondary structure. Maize lethal necrosis viruses and other maize viruses in. P32 32 kda protein, rna dependent rna polymerases p50 and p111, p31 31 kda protein, p7 7 kda protein, coat protein 25 kda. Published version pdf, 5mb accepted version pdf, 127kb authors braidwood, luke. Mcmv is one of the most important plant pathogenic viruses and can induce various symptoms such as mild mosaic and lead crop losses of 10 to 15% in natural. The complete nucleotide sequence of the maize chlorotic. Historically, mcmv has not been a big problem on the hawaiian islands or globally. Maize chlorotic mottle virus mcmv is one of the most destructive pathogens, and it interacts synergistically with many members of the potyviridae family.
Maize chlorotic mottle virus mcmv1 is one type of virus from the genus machlomovirus and was. Mlnd is an economically devastating disease in the new world and an emerging disease in africa and asia. Belonging to the bromovirus genus, cowpea chlorotic mottle virus. These four viruses mcmv, scmv, msv and mydvrmv were found together in.
Plant disease 1991 seed transmission of maize chlorotic mottle. Maize chlorotic mottle virus has been rapidly spreading around the globe over the past decade. Maize chlorotic mottle virus mcmv is a small, plussense single stranded rna virus of the genus machlomo virus, family tombusviridae. Maize chlorotic mottle virus mcmv is in the family tombusvirdae. Maize chlorotic mottle maize chlorotic mottle virus mcmv maize dwarf mosaic maize dwarf mosaic virus mdmv strains a, d, e and f maize leaf fleck maize leaf fleck virus mlfv maize line maize line virus mlv maize mosaic corn leaf stripe, enanismo rayado maize mosaic virus mmv maize pellucid ringspot maize pellucid ringspot virus. To better understand the dynamics of mln and to provide insight into disease management, we modeled the spread of the viruses.
Rapid and sensitive detection of maize chlorotic mottle virus. Incidence of mcmv and scmv was somewhat higher in the western vs. Machlomovirus has been recorded in hawaii kauai island since the early 1990s and has since become one of the most widespread corn viruses in the hawaiian islands. Expression and self assembly of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus. Pdf farmer knowledge, perceptions and management of.
Beanpod mottle virus cerocospora kikuchii pseudomonas syringae pv. Pdf rapid and sensitive detection of maize chlorotic. Maize chlorotic mottle virus mcmv is a 30nm icosahedral plant virus composed of a single 25kda capsid protein component and a 4. International committee on taxonomy of viruses ictv. Maize chlorotic mottle virus mcmv combines with a potyvirus in maize lethal necrosis disease mlnd. The occurrence of maize mosaic virus on sorghum in india1. The interactions of maize chlorotic mottle virus with potyviridae viruses causes an aggressive synergistic viral condition maize lethal necrosis, which can cause total yield loss.
This has not only threatened regional trade, but also seed industry. Efficacy of exclusion tactics to control thrips and mcmv. College of tropical agriculture and human resources university of hawaii at manoa. Frontiers in silico mcmv silencing concludes potential. Maize chlorotic mottle virus exhibits low divergence between. Wisconsin pest survey report wisconsin department of.
Maize chlorotic mottle virus exhibits low divergence. Genetic architecture of maize chlorotic mottle virus and. Althoughthe genetic basis of resistance to potyviruses is well understood in maize, little was known about resistance to mcmv. Maize chlorotic mottle virus mcmv is the only member of the machlomovirus genus in the family tombusviridae. Help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload fi.
Virus screening of corn continues to show no evidence of high plains virus hpv, wheat streak mosaic virus wsmv or maize chlorotic mottle virus mcmv in wisconsin. Typical maize lethal necrosis symptoms include severe yellowing and leaf drying. Item 33 indian peanut clump virus item 34 maize chlorotic mottle virus item 35 pea earlybrowning virus item 36 tomato brown rugose fruit virus item 37 tomato leaf curl new delhi virus item 38 zucchini green mottle mosaic virus 2 regioncountries of distribution of the following seven quarantine pests will be updated. Ijms free fulltext proteomic changes during mcmv infection. Maize lethal necrosis mln is emergent in east africa, first reported in 2011 in kenya, and is devastating to maize production in the region. General description maize chlorotic mottle virus mcmv tombusviridae. This virus ordinarily produces mild symptoms when present alone in corn.
We determined that clnd observed in china was caused by coinfection of mcmv and sugarcane mosaic virus. Genetic architecture of maize chlorotic mottle virus and maize lethal. Maize chlorotic mottle virus exhibits low divergence between differentiated regional subpopulations. It has been reported in the major maize belts of uasin gishu, transnzoia, bomet, narok and nandi counties. Aphis entities accredited under the national seed health. Pdf a first global phylogeny of maize chlorotic mottle. Identification of the maize chlorotic mottle virus capsid.
Diverse chromosomal locations of quantitative trait loci for. Diverse chromosomal locations of quantitative trait loci. Information about maize chlorotic mottle virus diagnosis, including distribution and treatment advice. Complete nucleotide sequence of a maize chlorotic mottle. Similar to its brother virus, cowpea mosaic virus, ccmv is produced in high yield in plants. Deciphering the translation mechanism of maize chlorotic mottle virus mcmv characterizing the 3 capindependent translation element of mcmv mte. Mcmv is the only member of the genus machlomovirus family tombusviridae.
Structural transitions and energy landscape for cowpea. Mcmv resistances is not currently bred into most nonhawaiian inbreds. Prepare and file incident reports for the office of residence life regarding policy violations and emergencies organize, promote, and create educational events, programs, and. Pdf maize lethal necrosis mln is a disease of maize caused by the combination of maize chlorotic mottle virus mcmv and any of the.
Field guide to maize diseases in hawaii seed corn nurseries. Cercosporz zeaemaydis maize chlorotic mottle virus maize dwarf mosaic virus pantoea stewartii. Many positivestrand rna viruses use noncanonical translation mechanisms, including capindependent translation. Based on structures registered in the pdb protein data bank, viruses in the family. Overall the majority of the respondents reported that plant pathology 62 4. Imperata yellow mottle caused by imperata yellow mottle virus iymv of the genus sobemovirus was first characterized on imperata cylindrical and zea mays in burkina faso. Pdf first report of maize chlorotic mottle virus and maize.
Seedquest central information website for the global. Northern blot hybridization analysis detected a single 3terminal 1. Due to its rapid spread and interaction with local viruses, and the. The rna of maize chlorotic mottle virus, an obligatory component. Mln is caused by coinfection with two viruses, maize chlorotic mottle virus and a potyvirus, often sugarcane mosaic virus. Maize production in subsaharan africa, where it is the most important cereal, is threatened by the arrival of maize. Jensen, united states department of agriculture, agricultural research service, lincoln, ne, and. Machlomovirus is a genus of plant viruses, in the family tombusviridae.
Distribution and association of factors influencing emerging maize. Maize chlorotic mottle virus mcmv and a variant isolate of sugarcane mosaic virus scmv previously identi. To better understand the dynamics of mln and to provide insight into disease management, we modeled the spread of the viruses causing mln within and between growing seasons. The leaves of infected plants develop yellow spots, hence the name chlorotic. Maize chlorotic mottle virus mcmv has been occurring frequently worldwide and causes severe yield losses in maize zea mays.
Maize lethal necrosis mln occurs when maize chlorotic mottle virus mcmv and sugarcane mosaic virus scmv coinfect maize plant. Maize lethal necrosis viruses and other maize viruses in rwanda. The mcmvne genome consists of 4,436 nucleotides and shares 99. Pdf first report of maize chlorotic mottle virus and. Response of selected maize inbred germplasm to maize. We report a biosensor based on surface plasmon resonance spr for the selective detection of maize chlorotic mottle virus mcmv. Maize chlorotic mottle virus mcmv is not widespread in the united states. Seedquest central information website for the global seed.
Genetic analysis of qtl for resistance to maize lethal. The disease has been reported in several localities of the country but its ecology and epidemiology are poorly known. Further characterization of maize chlorotic mottle virus and. Imperata yellow mottle caused by imperata yellow mottle virus iymv of the genus sobemoviru s was first characterized on imperata cylindrical and zea mays in burkina faso. Metagenomic analysis of viruses associated to maize lethal. Metagenomic analysis of viruses associated with maize lethal.
May 23, 2018 background maize lethal necrosis is caused by a synergistic coinfection of maize chlorotic mottle virus mcmv and a specific member of the potyviridae, such as sugarcane mosaic virus scmv, wheat streak mosaic virus wsmv or johnson grass mosaic virus jgmv. Belonging to the bromovirus genus, cowpea chlorotic mottle virus is a small spherical. Pdf first report of maize chlorotic mottle virus and maize lethal. Maize chlorotic mottle virus induces changes in host plant. Maize lethal necrosis mln has emerged as a serious threat to food security in subsaharan africa. Maize chlorotic mottle virus mcmv symptoms leaf mosaic fine, chlorotic, longitudinal streaks, parallel to leaf veins, apparent 10 days after inoculation leaf chlorosisnecrosis streaks can coalesce, followed by leaf. Of 22 polymorphic sites, most resulted from transition with a clear bias for u to c and c to u substitutions. It is important to note that mcmv and maize mottle chlorotic stunt virus, which is endemic to tropical africa, are two distinct and unrelated viruses thottappilly et. Epidemiology of maize lethal necrosis mln and seed. Aphis entities accredited under the national seed health system. Mar 28, 2017 maize chlorotic mottle virus mcmv is a deleterious pathogen which causes maize lethal necrosis disease mlnd that results in substantial yield loss of maize crop worldwide. Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus, known by the abbreviation ccmv, is a virus that specifically infects the cowpea plant, or blackeyed pea. Further characterization of maize chlorotic mottle virus. The presence of mcmv alone in the screenhouse trials and both viruses mcmv and scmv in the field trials was confirmed by elisa.
Maize chlorotic mottle virus mcmv elisa kit deiapv184. First report of maize chlorotic mottle virus and maize lethal necrosis on maize in ethiopia. The disease is caused by a combination of maize chlorotic mottle virus mcmv and any one of cereal viruses in the potyviridae group such as sugarcane mosaic virus. Simulation of maize lethal necrosis mln damage using. In this study we further analyzed the epidemiology of mcmv and corn lethal necrosis disease clnd in china.
The viri ons of this singlestranded rna virus are isometric, and the singlecomponent particles have a smooth spherical or hexagonal shape scheets 2010. Response of selected maize inbred germplasm to maize lethal. Pathogen maize chlorotic mottle virus is the only species in the genus machlomovirus family tombusviridae. We obtained maize chlorotic mottle virus genome sequences from across east. Insight into the threedimensional structure of maize chlorotic mottle. Efficacy of exclusion tactics to control thrips and mcmv in maize. Frontiers in silico mcmv silencing concludes potential host. Maize chlorotic mottle virus maize dwarf mosaic virus pantoea stewartii sclerophthora macrospora stenocarpella maydis utilago maydis and sphacelotherca reiliana norfarm seeds, inc. Maize chlorotic mottle virus mcmv, sugarcane mosaic virus scmv and maize dwarf mosaic virus mdmv were detected in about 50%, 30% and 50%, respectively, of samples tested using elisa. The effects of coupling reaction time and antibody concentration on. Pdf rapid and sensitive detection of maize chlorotic mottle. Modeling virus coinfection to inform management of maize.
Maize chlorotic mottle virus, nucleotide sequences, genome, rna, nebraska abstract. Knowledge bank maize chlorotic mottle virus plantwise. Identification and validation of genomic regions and their flanking markers can facilitate marker assisted breeding for resistance to mln. Three test plots in dane county tested positive for sugarcane mosaic virus scmv, formerly called maize dwarf virus mdmv. The streaks then coalesce to form chlorotic mottling, which is then followed by leaf necrosis, epinasty. Maize lethal necrosis was first described in kansasnebraska in 1978 causal agents are maize chlorotic mottle virus sugarcane mosaic virus maize lethal necrosis was first detected in africa in 2012 maize lethal necrosis is threatens food security in subsaharan africa diagnosis based on molecular approaches was erratic antibodies and rtpcr. Mln is caused by coinfection of maize with the emergent maize chlorotic mottle virus mcmv and any of several maize infecting potyviruses endemic in east africa and worldwide. Pdf detection and characterization of maize chlorotic mottle virus. Maize lethal necrosis is caused by a synergistic coinfection of maize chlorotic mottle virus mcmv and a specific member of the potyviridae, such as sugarcane mosaic virus scmv, wheat streak mosaic virus wsmv or johnson grass mosaic virus jgmv. Maize lethal necrosis disease is caused by a synergistic interaction of maize chlorotic mottle virus mcmv and sugarcane mosaic virus scmv or other viruses. Goals objectives determine the rate of maize chlorotic mottle virus mcmv transmission through maize seed, and develop methods for assessing the potential for seed transmission of the virus. Mln is caused by the synergistic interaction between sugarcane mosaic virus scmv and maize chlorotic mottle virus mcmv. In the natural host, viral particles can be produced at 12 mg per gram of infected leaf tissue. Item 33 indian peanut clump virus item 34 maize chlorotic mottle virus item 35 pea earlybrowning virus item 36 tomato brown rugose fruit virus item 37 tomato leaf curl new delhi virus item 38 zucchini green mottle mosaic virus 2 regioncountries of distribution.
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